stutthof concentration camp guards

The next three trials took place at the same court in October 831, 1947, November 510, and in November 1929 of that year. Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Nazi Territorial Aggression: The Anschluss, Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Manfred Goldberg was 13 when he was sent to Stutthof concentration camp near the coast of the Baltic Sea in August 1943. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. per adult (price varies by group size) Private transportation to the Stutthof Concentration Camp 4 hour. The Holocaust Encyclopedia estimates that (less officially) some 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central Poland. Ten were sentenced to death. Ten were sentenced to death. A former SS guard at a concentration camp, charged with aiding and abetting hundreds of murders, is standing trial in Mnster's district court. [1][2] The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. Who is Rod Ponton and why has he gone viral? At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. A total of 295 women guards worked as staff in the Stutthof complex of camps. German abortion clinics targeted by US-style protests, Belgian court paves way for Iran prisoner swap treaty, Palestinians in occupied West Bank live with uncertainty, Thousands of migrants have died in South Texas, Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps', Germany's Nazi past still haunts the country today. In early 1945 he survived a "death march" to the west after being freed by the Red Army. In recent years, prosecutors have successfully convicted former death camp guards using the argument that by helping to operate camps like Auschwitz and Sobibor, they were accessories to the. He was found guilty and sentenced to death with 11 other defendants. Here we look at the horrendous role these guards - known as Aufseherins, or female overseers - played during the War. It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. The womans face became swollen and blue.. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. Prisoners sent straight to gas chambers didn't receive anything. Former SS guard stands trial on murder accessory charges, Germany: 92-year-old former SS guard to face trial, Former Nazi concentration camp guard on trial in Hamburg, UN states finally strike deal to protect high seas. More than 85,000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110,000 inmates deported there. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. Standing at 6ft 3in, Hertha Botte was an imposing figure, who also stood out from other SS guards because she wore civilian clothing instead of the hated uniform. The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. Set up immediately upon Germany's September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. This days condemned camp commandant Johann Pauls, five male kapos, and five female guards were the product of the first of four Stutthof trials held in 1946-1947. Survivors testified that she seemed to derive sexual pleasure from her sadistic acts. It was turned into a concentration camp by its second commandant, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Josef Kramer, and was used to house those prisoners who had become too weak to work as forced labour in German factories. It was during this time as a slave labourer that he met lifelong friend Zigi Shipper. In total, the sub-camps held 110,000 prisoners from 25 countries according to the Jewish Virtual Library. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. I PROMISE. Images in the news broadcasts concealed his face for legal reasons. [15] It is believed that inmates sent for immediate execution were not registered. The Stutthof concentration camp was established by Nazi Germany near the village of the same name, now called Sztutowo and located in Poland's Pomeranian Voivodeship, on 2nd September 1939. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. Kobyla kicked me, and I still bear the scars. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. Quiz: How well do you know US presidents? Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. Barkmann was sentenced to hang, along with ten other defendants. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. Nazi concentration camp in present-day Sztutowo, Poland, "Stutthof" redirects here. She is believed to have spent her childhood in Hamburg, Germany. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. The camp staff consisted of SS guards and, after 1943, Ukrainian auxiliaries. Among 110,000 prisoners were Jews from all of Europe, members of the Polish underground, Polish civilians deported from Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising, Lithuanian and Latvian intelligentsia, Latvian resistance fighters, psychiatric patients, Soviet prisoners of war,[3] and communists (as an example of communist deportations to Stutthof, see the Danish Horserd camp). [1] When the Soviet army began its advance through German-occupied Estonia in July and August 1944, the camp staff of Klooga concentration camp evacuated the majority of the inmates by sea and sent them to Stutthof. [2], In 1953 the court in Gdask tried SS-man Bielawa (SS Rottenfhrer Paul Bielawa, a prisoner guard from the 3rd company in Stutthof between 194145)[1] and sentenced him to twelve years. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. Feb. 5, 2021 Public prosecutors in Germany have indicted a 95-year-old woman for her role supporting the Nazi killing machinery as a secretary in a concentration camp, charging her with 10,000. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. The only survivor who gave evidence in person to the Furchner trial, Josef Salomonovic, described it as the worst of eight concentration camps he was forced to endure. German Earth and Stone Works (DEST) was an SS-owned company founded on 29 April 1938 for the exploitation of prisoner labor in the concentration camps for the . Go and do the same, you BNP piece of sh-t. You are fucking FILTH! But the former nurse became known as the Sadist of Stutthof due to the vicious beatings she meted out to inmates at the camp, in Nazi-occupied Poland. Anyone marching who didn't have the strength was shot," said Mr Goldberg. 13 Amazing Photos of the Construction of the Empir. One survivor, Lila Givner, told her 1978 trial: Kobyla was tall. The selection process for these guards was lax. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a vast network of forced-labor camps; 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central German-occupied Poland. In December of the same year, a 97-year-old former secretary of the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland was given a two-year suspended prison sentence. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS guards and workers inside of the camps. A two-year suspended sentence in line with that requested by prosecutors was handed down by the Itzehoe state court in northern Germany. Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; 19 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. [2] SS-Rottenfhrer Emil Strehlau was sentenced by the court in Torun (Wloclawek) on April 23, 1948, to death for war crimes. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. Stutthof was the first concentration camp the Nazis ever built outside of Germany's borders. Other inmates labored in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. [7][18], There was a controversy regarding whether corpses from Stutthof were used in the production of soap made from human corpses at the lab of Professor Rudolf Spanner. In total, as many as 110,000 people were deported to the camp in the course of its existence. Rising to the rank of supervisor at 19, she also worked at Auschwitz and Belsen, where she was arrested by British forces in 1945. 1939: 250 Polish citizens and P.O.W. The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. Not all the female guards were monsters - with many sharing food and clothing with inmates at considerable risk to themselves. A practice was established to tattoo the inmates with identification numbers. Koryski was taken from Lithuania to Stutthofin 1944, when he was 16 years old. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. [17][3] Prisoners were also drowned in mud or clubbed to death. A former SS guard wept in the dock on the first day of his trial for complicity in mass murder at a Nazi concentration camp during the second world war . Among the 55,000 guards at the concentration camps, 10,000 were women and they were trained to be every bit as vicious as their male counterparts. SVIZZERA-LOTTO www. Although the guards at Stutthof were already expected to treat the prisoners ruthlessly, Jenny Barkmann stood out for her exceptional cruelty. As Soviet forces closed in on Stutthof in late April 1945, the Nazis decided to abandon the camp and sent the remaining inmates on a death march. Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. 1939). Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. He was executed November 8 in Wloclawek[7][8]. [2][5], The last two trials in Poland concerning two Stutthof concentration camp officials took place four years apart. [citation needed], The camp staff consisted of German SS guards and, after 1943, the Ukrainian auxiliaries brought in by SS-Gruppenfhrer Fritz Katzmann, the Higher SS and Police Leader of the area. Little is known about her life, but it is a known fact that in 1944 she became- Aufseherin, a female-guard, in the women's section of Stutthof concentration camp. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. Thousands of SS guards were granted transfers from camps to field service, said Stefan Hrdler, yet Dey had remained at Stutthof until April 1945. She died in 2000. Read about our approach to external linking. Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Ackermann, who delivered the lamp, said that its base was made from a human foot and shinbone and the shade had tattoos and even nipples. Another prisoner said Bormann grabbed another female prisoner by the hair, threw her to the ground and ordered dogs to bite her so severely that she was a mass of blood. The woman died at the scene. The first contingent of 2,500 Jewish prisoners arrived from Auschwitz in July 1944. [2], During the first trial held at Gdask from April 25, 1946, to May 31, 1946, the joint Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court tried and convicted of crimes against humanity a group of thirteen ex-officials and overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo and its Bromberg-Ost subcamp for women located in the city of Bydgoszcz. [15], In 2021, Irmgard Furchner a German former concentration camp secretary and stenographer at Stutthof, where she worked for camp commandant Paul-Werner Hoppe,[16] was charged with 11,412 counts of accessory to murder and 18 additional counts of accessory to attempted murder,[17][18][19] On December 20, 2022 she was found guilty and sentenced to a suspended jail term of two years. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. But the few that took pleasure from the horrors within the walls of the camps proved the female of the species really can be deadlier than the male. By the end of the war at least 110,000 were deported there, including Jewish detainees and Soviet prisoners of war. Read more:Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps'. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 [33][34] He was charged as a juvenile, as he was under 21 at the time of the offense. 2023 BBC. Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. In 1944 she became a guard at the Stutthof Concentration camp. [11] In December 2018, the trial was suspended, since the convict had to be hospitalized for serious heart and kidney problems. Key and copyright. Herta Bothe was a Nazi concentration camp guard at Ravensbrck-stutthof and Bergen-Belsen. Several lesser known trials followed against the staff of various concentration camps. "You did not seek a way out," the judge said. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. Ilse also had a deadly fascination for tattoos and, at a later trial for war crimes, witnesses said she selected men with the best body art for slaughter - turning their skin into lampshades and book covers. (17.10.2019). Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). Detainees had to walk the long distance towards Germany as the Nazi Eastern Front crumbled. Who is Buffalo Allina Clinic shooting suspect Gregory Ulrich and who are the victims? German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation Irmgard Furchner, who was in her late teens when she worked in the Stutthof camp, was convicted as the authorities make a. Camp doctors also killed sick or injured prisoners in the infirmary with lethal injections. Selection of monographs in PDF, Memorial to the Victims of the Stutthof Concentration Camp, Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Zbrodnie hitlerowskie w obozie koncentracyjnym Stutthof: liczba ofiar w wietle rde i bada: prba bilansu, SS Main Economic and Administrative Office, International Youth Meeting Center in Owicim/Auschwitz, Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_concentration_camp&oldid=1141333869, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles needing additional references from December 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Matzkau in Makowy (now within city limits of Gdask), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 14:55. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. Subscribe to this by clicking this link:https://www.youtube.com/c/TheFortresssThanks for watching! [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. Situated near Sztutowo, a small town about. She was also notorious for beating inmates unconscious, often with a rubber truncheon, and she once pushed an old lady down a flight of stairs, killing her instantly. The initiative for the foundation of SS companies dealing in building materials from concentration camps originated in 1937 with regional SS officials in Thuringia, especially the state's Interior Minister Hellmuth Gommlich []. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. Bus Tours. In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum. A report by the Seventh Army, written by Lieutenant Colonel Walter J. Fellenz, mentions a total of 17 guards killed. Check out our SECOND CHANNEL TheFortress for a new video EVERY DAY! The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." Its unknown why she would voluntarily seek work at a concentration camp so late in the war, but it was likely due to some misplaced sense of nationalism. In 1949, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Hans Jacobi, the commandant of Stutthof subcamps forming Baukommando Weichsel or OT Thorn (Organisation Todt Thorn) for women digging anti-tank ditches,[6] was tried before the criminal court in Toru and sentenced to three years in prison. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. Even before the war began, the German Selbstschutz in Pomerania created lists of people to be arrested,[3] and the Nazi authorities were secretly reviewing suitable places to set up concentration camps in their area. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. There she became known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her brutal beatings of prisoners. Your email address will not be published. Nicknamed 'Beautiful Spectre', she was infamous for her brutal treatment of the prisoners. [1] 4,000 prisoners, including Jewish women and children, were killed in a gas chamber before the evacuation of the camp. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on July 4th 1946. He added that his "work" had involved cleaning the crematorium, which meant loading bones and other burnt remains onto a cart to be thrown into a trench. The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges. Required fields are marked *. Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. It has been estimated that around half of the evacuated prisoners, over 25,000, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. She earned a horrific legacy and nickname despite only working for a year. It is estimated that around 65,000 people were murdered during the Holocaust in the Stutthof concentration camp, near the Polish city now called Gdansk. Naukowiec w III Rzeszy [Professor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960: A Scientist in the Third Reich], Piotr Semkw", Soap from Human Fat: The Case of Professor Spanner, "The Danzig Soap Case: Facts and Legends around "Professor Spanner" and the Danzig Anatomic Institute 1944-1945", "Zakoczono ledztwo w gonej "sprawie profesora Spannera", "Human Fat Was Used to Produce Soap in Gdansk during the War", "Stutthof (Sztutowo): Full Listing of Camps, Poland", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "Johann Rehbogen: Former SS guard, 94, on trial over deaths at Stutthof concentration camp", "German court stops trial of former death-camp guard", "German court: Trial of Nazi guard unlikely to be restarted", "Former Nazi camp guard to go on trial in Hamburg", "Nazi concentration camp guard convicted over 5,232 murders", "96-Year-Old Former Nazi Death Camp Secretary Goes on Trial Over Murders of 11,000 People - October 20, 2021", "German Court to Try 96-Year-Old Over Time at Nazi Concentration Camp", "German Court Convicts 97-Year-Old Ex-Secretary At Nazi Camp - December 20, 2022", "Poland asked to explain naked Nazi gas chamber video", "Outrage Over Naked Game of Tag Played in Nazi Gas Chamber", "Outrage Over Museum's Video-Art Display of a Nude Game of Tag in Gas Chamber", Stutthof National Museum.

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