characteristics of ethiopian agriculture

However, even with this anticipated increase in chicken meat production, demand is expected to outstrip supply, thereby creating potential opportunities for imports. This paper analyzes and discusses how the newly adopted system is structured and operates, the characteristics of extension services, and the evaluation system employed in agricultural extension, and assesses the challenges and opportunities associated with the system. In this regard, Ethiopia is looking to expand development efforts to fight land degradation and to reduce pollution; reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions; increase forest protection and development; increase production of electricity from renewable sources for domestic use and for export; and focus on modern and energy saving technologies. Agricultural sample survey. Volume II, Report on livestock and [7], Pulses are the second most important element in the national diet and a principal protein source. With the support of the IMF, the Ethiopian government has developed an ambitious Homegrown Economic Reform Planto propel the countrys economic progress. The report includes the market size, recent trends, industry statistics, and analysis. The market is segmented by type into food crops, fruits, and vegetables. Agricultural inputs, seeds, machinery and equipment used in cotton production. Merkebu Getachew. The study sought to assess the role of smallholder farming in crop productivity and market access . Agriculture in Ethiopia | Infomineo Agriculture, which constituted 46 percent of GDP and more than 80 percent of exports, is by far the most important economic activity in the Ethiopian economy. [7], During the imperial era, the government failed to implement widespread conservation measures, largely because the country's complex land tenure system stymied attempts to halt soil erosion and improve the land. Per capita meat consumption was high by developing countries' standards, an estimated thirteen kilograms annually. In the case of the textile and apparel sector, a shortage of locally-produced cotton suggests a need for cotton imports, including from the United States. Agricultural Research and Development in Ethiopia A major subsistence crop, barley is used as food and in the production of tella, a locally produced beer. Agro-processed products, such as chicken, cheese, butter, eggs, biscuits, bread, juice, etc. Of an estimated 750,000 hectares of private commercial farms in operation at the time of the 1975 land proclamation, 67,000 hectares were converted into State Farms that, beginning in 1979, were operated by a new Ministry of State Farms. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has embarked on a ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030) where agriculture is on the top of priority sectors. Practically all animals are range-fed. [23], Ethiopia has great potential for increased livestock production, both for local use and for export. Therefore, investment in commercial farming requires considerable due diligence. In the 20062007 EFY hides, skins and leather products made up 7.5% of the total export value; live animals accounted for 3.1% of the total value of exports during the same period. At the same time, to accelerate the countrys agricultural development, the government established the Agricultural Transformation Institute (ATI) to address systemic bottlenecks in the agriculture sector by supporting and enhancing the capability of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and other public, private, and non-governmental implementing partners. Resembling the banana but bearing an inedible fruit, the plant produces large quantities of starch in its underground rhizome and an above-ground stem that can reach a height of several meters. These soils are found in both the northern and the southern highlands in areas with poor drainage. fruit crops, stimulant crops and sugar cane are cultivated by farmers and other agricultural sectors in Ethiopia. But the same quantity of teff retailed at 81 birr at food stores belonging to the urban dwellers' associations (kebeles) in Addis Ababa and sold for as much as 181 birr in the open market. Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey Wave1, 2011-2012. Phenotypic Characterization and Reproductive Performance of Blackhead Despite the emphasis on state farms, state farm production accounted for only 6% of total agricultural output in 1987 (although meeting 65% of urban needs), leaving peasant farmers responsible for over 90% of production. [7], Of Ethiopia's total land area of 1,221,480 square kilometers, the government estimated in the late 1980s that 15 percent was under cultivation and 51 percent was pasture. Depending on international market conditions and local demand factors, there may be opportunities in the future for U.S. wheat and soybean sales to Ethiopia. Background and Objective: Detailed characterization of bio-physical resources in agricultural landscapes and documenting locally used soil fertility management practices is required for developing site-specific management scenarios in the study area. [21] It is estimated to number over 150 million in 20072008. Farm Management Practices (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season) 2020/21 (2013 E.C.) Firstly, various policies that discouraged private sector participation in economic activity were implemented during the socialist era (between 1978 and 1992). [9], The population in the lowland peripheries (below 1,500 meters) is nomadic, engaged mainly in livestock raising. Domestically, coffee contributed about 20% of the government's revenue. [7] According to the Central Statistical Agency (CSA), in 2008 the average Ethiopian farmer holds 1.2 hectares of land, with 55.13% of them holding less than 1.0 hectare. Ethiopias development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the major strategic pillars. A critical review of rural development policy of Ethiopia: access Ethiopias commercial red meat (beef, mutton and goat) industry has made remarkable progress to date and shows considerable growth potential for the future. Agriculture is the mainstay of Ethiopian economy involving major source of employment and gross national product. PDF SMALL FAMILY FARMS COUNTRY FACTSHEET thiopia - Food and Agriculture The high concentration of animals in the highlands, together with the fact that cattle are often kept for status, reduces the economic potential of Ethiopian livestock. Agriculture | Free Full-Text | The Role of Smallholder Farming on Rural Barley is grown mostly between 2,000 and 3,500 meters. Examining the characteristics of stakeholders in Lake Tana Sub-basin resource use, management and Governance -- 21. Ethiopia's crop agriculture is complex, involving substantial variation in crops grown across the country's different regions and ecologies. As a result, up to 200,000 Ethiopians perished. Source: United Nations Comtrade. Sorghum and millet, which are drought resistant, grow well at low elevations where rainfall is less reliable. By 1974 the Ministry of Agriculture's Extension and Project Implementation Department had more than twenty-eight areas with more than 200 extension and marketing centers. Mia MacDonald and Justine Simon (2010) Climate, Food Security, & Growth: Ethiopia's Complex Relationship with Livestock. Agriculture accounted for 50% of GDP, 83.9% of exports, and 80% of the labor force in 2006 and 2007, compared to 44.9%, 76.9% and 80% in 20022003, and agriculture remains the Ethiopian economy's most important sector. Wubne, Mulatu. Common vegetables include onions, peppers, squash, and a cabbage similar to kale. There are two predominant soil types in the highlands. <i>Results . "National Statistical Abstract. Production technologies in Ethiopian agriculture Penn State Their resistance to this change increased when Zemecha members campaigned for collectivization of land and oxen. [23], However, herding cattle is one of the agricultural activities that resorts to indentured labor and particularly child labor according to the U.S. Department of Labor. For this reason, some environmental experts maintain that large-scale conservation work in Ethiopia has been ineffective. Regional Agricultural Research Centers (RARCs) under the respective regional bureaus of agriculture. Jorge Morales Pedraza. The first three are primarily cool-weather crops cultivated at altitudes generally above 1,500 meters. In addition, the rugged topography of the highlands, the brief but extremely heavy rainfalls that characterize many areas, and centuries-old farming practices that do not include conservation measures have accelerated soil erosion in much of Ethiopia's highland areas. Demand for vegetables has stimulated truck farming around the main urban areas such as Addis Ababa and Asmera. Production Efficiency and Agricultural Technologies in the Ethiopian In particular, demand for cooking oil, sugar, meat, eggs, dairy products, wheat-based products, such as pasta and bread, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, are forecast to climb upward. Consequently, the country faced a famine that resulted in the death of nearly 1 million people from 1984 to 1986. But in the northern highlands, where title to farm land was shared amongst members of descent groups, many people resisted land reform. Ethiopia has considerable potential for producing cotton. They are boiled, roasted, or included in a stew-like dish known as wot, which is sometimes a main dish and sometimes a supplementary food. Section D. The major product in are teff, wheat, maize, sesame, Niger, linseed etc. To make matters worse, during the 1972-74 drought and famine the imperial government refused to assist rural Ethiopians and tried to cover up the crisis by refusing international aid. Regular and reliable harvests helped generate stable tax income that led to relatively strong governmental structures that were ultimately the reason that Ethiopia was the only country not to be colonized in the late-nineteenth century Scramble for Africa apart from Liberia. Food production had consistently declined throughout the 1980s. [7], Ethiopia's coffee is almost exclusively of the arabica type, which grows best at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 meters. will supply the domestic market. Where the topography permits, they are suitable for farming. 27 May 2021. The expected growth from these agriculture-related industries offers numerous opportunities for agricultural input sales, such as tractors and harvesters, farm trucks, fertilizer, irrigation equipment, grain handling systems, food and livestock processing equipment, as well as cold storage facilities. In the 1980s, as part of an effort to increase production and to improve the cultivation and harvesting of coffee, the government created the Ministry of Coffee and Tea Development (now the ECTA), which was responsible for production and marketing. Soil acidity is one of the most important environmental threats to the Ethiopian highlands where the livelihood of the majority of people is reliant on agriculture. <i>Objective</i>.

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